红外焦平面探测器信息获取与预处理电路设计     

范文龙  董峰  傅雨田 《遥感学报》2014,18(Z1):30-34

针对中国科学院上海技术物理研究所研制的1500元红外线列焦平面探测器的输出特性,提出了以低噪声运放为核心的信息获取电路和以FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)为核心的数据预处理的设计方案,实现了驱动电路和探测器的良好匹配,较好地发挥了探测器高灵敏度的特性.测试结果表明,该方案不仅对系统获得优于50 mK噪声等效温差的高灵敏度成像起到了重要作用,足够宽的量化设计还保证了系统的动态范围和图像的丰富层次.该设计方案已成功应用在一些其他类型的红外焦平面探测器中.  相似文献   

Long-Lived Microbursts in the Decimetric Wavelength Range and Their Connection with Noise Storms     

L. V. Yasnov  V. M. Bogod  A. G. Stupishin 《Solar physics》2008,249(1):37-51

In the present work a statistical analysis of long-lived microbursts (MBs) in the decimetric wavelength range was performed for the first time. Long-lived microbursts at decimetric wavelengths were observed with one-dimensional scans on the RATAN-600 radio telescope in intensity and circular polarization with a sensitivity of about 5 – 10 Jy. MBs have fluxes in the range of 0.001 – 0.1 s.f.u. and polarization degrees of 10 – 100%, and the duration of individual bursts is about 1 – 2 s. Microbursts and background sources exist for several days and appear at the sites of prolonged energy release. In this work MBs were compared with noise storms (NSs) in the metric wavelength range. Our analysis shows with high confidence that MBs are manifestation of NSs in the decimetric wavelength range. The reason for the significant difference in flux between MBs and NSs could be because MBs (unlike NSs) are related to incoherent generation of Langmuir waves. The nature of the MB emission is similar to the smoothly varying (background) emission of the NSs, butthe MB emission is impulsive because of the high rate of pitch-angle diffusion.  相似文献   

沙漠地区地震勘探随机噪声建模及其在噪声压制中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李光辉  李月 《地球物理学报》2016,59(2):682-692

随机噪声是影响地震勘探有效信号的主要因素,其存在大大降低了地震记录的信噪比.在噪声压制方法不断被改进的同时,对随机噪声特性进行研究,了解噪声的产生机制是对其进行压制的先决条件,目前对噪声的研究主要是特性研究以寻找规律性,对其进行定性定量的分析还比较少.本文根据塔里木沙漠地区实际采集环境,考虑到噪声的连续性给计算带来的不便,假设各类噪声源以点源的形式分布在检波器周围,依据相应理论确定各类噪声源的源函数,其激发的噪声经由波动方程传播,将随机噪声作为各类噪声源共同作用的综合波场,建立随机噪声的理论模型.通过分析不同种噪声对地震记录的影响,选取合适的滤波方法对其进行压制,实验结果表明,通过建立沙漠地区随机噪声的理论模型,为选择有效的滤波方法,提高地震记录信噪比起到理论指导作用.  相似文献   

基于能量运算的磁共振信号尖峰噪声抑制方法   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

万玲  张扬  林君  蒋川东  林婷婷 《地球物理学报》2016,59(6):2290-2301

磁共振探测信号微弱,使用高灵敏度的核磁共振地下水探测仪,极易受到环境噪声干扰.其中,工频谐波噪声和尖峰噪声,是影响信号质量最严重的两类噪声.国内外研究表明,通过参考线圈的布设,依据探测线圈和参考线圈中噪声相关性,利用自适应参考对消算法,能够有效抑制工频谐波噪声.然而,尖峰噪声的存在严重影响了主通道与参考道的数据相关性,成为了参考对消算法应用的难题与障碍.为解决这一问题,本文提出磁共振信号中尖峰噪声的抑制方法,推导了能量域磁共振信号表达式,通过计算信号能量,可有效检测尖峰噪声并突出不易识别的小幅度尖峰噪声,采用基于中位数的绝对偏差法确定阈值,进而剔除尖峰噪声.为了验证去噪效果,与应用较广的统计叠加法进行对比研究.仿真结果表明,对于干扰幅度较大、持续时间较长的尖峰噪声,能量运算法和统计叠加法均能识别并剔除,且不损失有效的磁共振信号,标准差偏差控制在0.3%以内,可以满足实际应用的要求;对于小于信号幅度1.5倍的尖峰噪声,能量运算法可有效识别并剔除,而统计叠加法无法实现.针对多通道探测系统,使用能量运算法剔除尖峰噪声后,可明显提高主通道和参考道的数据相关性,为后续自适应参考对消算法的应用奠定了基础.实测数据处理结果进一步证明了本文方法的实用性.  相似文献   

The utilization of the double focal transformation for sparse data representation and data reconstruction          下载免费PDF全文

H. Kutscha  D.J. Verschuur 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1498-1515

In many cases, seismic measurements are coarsely sampled in at least one dimension. This leads to aliasing artefacts and therefore to problems in the subsequent processing steps. To avoid this, seismic data reconstruction can be applied in advance. The success and reliability of reconstruction methods are dependent on the assumptions they make on the data. In many cases, wavefields are assumed to (locally) have a linear space–time behaviour. However, field data are usually complex, with strongly curved events. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the double focal transformation as an efficient way for complex data reconstruction. Hereby, wavefield propagation is formulated as a transformation, where one‐way propagation operators are used as its basis functions. These wavefield operators can be based on a macro velocity model, which allows our method to use prior information in order to make the data decomposition more effective. The basic principle of the double focal transformation is to focus seismic energy along source and receiver coordinates simultaneously. The seismic data are represented by a number of localized events in the focal domain, whereas aliasing noise spreads out. By imposing a sparse solution in the focal domain, aliasing noise is suppressed, and data reconstruction beyond aliasing is achieved. To facilitate the process, only a few effective depth levels need to be included, preferably along the major boundaries in the data, from which the propagation operators can be calculated. Results on 2D and 3D synthetic data illustrate the method's virtues. Furthermore, seismic data reconstruction on a 2D field dataset with gaps and aliased source spacing demonstrates the strength of the double focal transformation, particularly for near‐offset reflections with strong curvature and for diffractions.  相似文献   

GNMF小波谱分离在地震勘探噪声压制中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

田雅男  李月  林红波  吴宁 《地球物理学报》2015,58(12):4568-4575

地震勘探资料噪声压制及信噪比提高是整个地震勘探信号处理过程中的重要任务,随着地震勘探深度的增加及其复杂性,人们对地震数据质量的要求越来越高.勘探环境的复杂化使得采集到的地震资料中有效信号被大量噪声淹没,无法清晰辨识,严重影响后续的数据处理与解释.小波去噪是地震勘探中常用且发展较成熟的一种方法,但是其涉及到的阈值函数选取问题一直令人困扰,虽然已有多种阈值函数被提出,但仍存在各自的缺陷.本文利用小波分解在时域及频域良好的信号细节体现特性,引入模式识别中的非负矩阵分解(NMF)谱分离思想,针对小波系数阈值优化问题,提出了一种小波域图非负矩阵分解(GNMF)消噪算法.该方法首先在小波分解基础上,利用GNMF算法实现小波分解系数谱中信号分量与噪声分量的谱分离,然后通过反变换重构各分离子谱对应的子信号,最后利用K均值聚类算法将得到的多个子信号划分为信号类及噪声类,最终得到重构信号及分离噪声.合成记录和实际地震资料的消噪结果验证了新方法在提高信号与噪声分离准确性和精度方面的有效性,同时新方法避免了阈值选取造成的噪声压制不理想或有效成分损失问题.与小波消噪结果的对比及数值分析也说明了新方法在噪声压制及有效成分保持方面的优势.  相似文献   

Scattered ground‐roll attenuation using model‐driven interferometry          下载免费PDF全文

Phil Bilsby  Lee West  Ed Kragh  John Quigley 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(1):116-132

Scattered ground roll is a type of noise observed in land seismic data that can be particularly difficult to suppress. Typically, this type of noise cannot be removed using conventional velocity‐based filters. In this paper, we discuss a model‐driven form of seismic interferometry that allows suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise in land seismic data. The conventional cross‐correlate and stack interferometry approach results in scattered noise estimates between two receiver locations (i.e. as if one of the receivers had been replaced by a source). For noise suppression, this requires that each source we wish to attenuate the noise from is co‐located with a receiver. The model‐driven form differs, as the use of a simple model in place of one of the inputs for interferometry allows the scattered noise estimate to be made between a source and a receiver. This allows the method to be more flexible, as co‐location of sources and receivers is not required, and the method can be applied to data sets with a variety of different acquisition geometries. A simple plane‐wave model is used, allowing the method to remain relatively data driven, with weighting factors for the plane waves determined using a least‐squares solution. Using a number of both synthetic and real two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) land seismic data sets, we show that this model‐driven approach provides effective results, allowing suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise without having an adverse effect on the underlying signal.  相似文献   

Gravimetric monitoring of the first field‐wide steam injection in a fractured carbonate field in Oman – a feasibility study          下载免费PDF全文

Marcin Glegola  Pavel Ditmar  Femke Vossepoel  Rob Arts  Fahad Al‐Kindy  Roland Klees 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(5):1256-1271

Gas‐Oil Gravity Drainage is to be enhanced by steam injection in a highly fractured, low permeability carbonate field in Oman. Following a successful pilot, field‐wide steam injection is being implemented, first of this type in the world. A dedicated monitoring program has been designed to track changes in the reservoir. Various observations are to be acquired, including, surface deformation, temperature measurements, microseismic, well logs, pressure and saturation measurements to monitor the reservoir. Because significant changes in the reservoir density are expected, time‐lapse gravimetry is also being considered. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of gravimetric monitoring of the thermally enhanced gravity drainage process at the carbonate field in Oman. For this purpose, forward gravity modelling is performed. Based on field groundwater measurements, the estimates of the hydrological signal are considered and it is investigated under what conditions the groundwater influences can be minimized. Using regularized inversion of synthetic gravity data, we analyse the achievable accuracy of heat‐front position estimates. In case of large groundwater variations at the field, the gravity observations can be significantly affected and, consequently, the accuracy of heat‐front monitoring can be deteriorated. We show that, by applying gravity corrections based on local observations of groundwater, the hydrological influences can to a large extent be reduced and the accuracy of estimates can be improved. We conclude that gravimetric monitoring of the heat‐front evolution has a great potential.  相似文献   

On the Influence of Sea Surface Height Variability on Satellite Altimeter Derived Gravity     

Leni Sophia Heliani  Yoichi Fukuda 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):73-84

The effect of sea surface height (SSH) variability is one of the primary factors that limit the accuracy and resolution of altimeter-derived gravity values. We propose a method to estimate the influence of variation of the sea surface height on the accuracy of satellite-derived gravity by simulation technique, with a case study around Indonesian waters. Wederived an Indonesian marine gravity map using the Geosat-geodetic mission (GM). Since most of the area studied is located around coastal and shallow areas, the measurement of SSH of this area is less accurate. To obtain a distribution of SSH variability over the study area, Topex/Poseidon (T/P) data were first processed and assessed. Processing 52 cycles of the Topex/Poseidon data, the root mean square (RMS) of SSH variability for each cycle was found to vary from 1 to 179 cm. Further, for the purpose of estimating the accuracy of altimeter-derived gravity, we derived several levels of Gaussian noise, computed simulation data by adding the Gaussian noise to Geosat data, and determined simulated gravity maps. Based on the distribution of RMS values from T/P data and standard deviation (STD) differences between the simulated and the original gravity maps, we estimated the accuracy of the gravity map. Around Indonesian waters, the accuracy of the gravity map influenced by SSH variation was estimated to be within the range 0.8~93 mgal.  相似文献   

利用噪声记录估计福建地区中上地壳体波速度结构     

李军  金星  鲍挺  林树  韦永祥  张红才 《中国地震研究》2012,26(3):310-320

In this paper,the dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and Love wave were extracted from the seismic noise records of 25 broadband stations of the Fujian Seismic Network, and inverted for the lithosphere velocity structure. Furthermore,the velocity model was verified by the seismic explosion observations. Our results indicate that the resolution of the lithosphere velocity structure obtained by this method is good in the shallow part,but in the deep part,inversion accuracy for the wave velocity structure is low,which is caused mainly by the small inter-station distance chosen in the paper. Thus the wave dispersion curves have high accuracy in the short-period part,but the warp of the wave dispersion curve in long-period part is large. Considering the results from both the noise inversion and the traditional inversion,we finally present a new velocity model,and the theoretical travel time calculated with the new model matches the explosion travel time very well.  相似文献